The GEF and the GEF IEO commonly analyze program and project success factors, providing good practice examples and insights for future operations. However, evidence from programs and projects that are less successful is often overlooked. This is a missed opportunity: such a perspective can help to distill lessons on mitigating the risk of failure and adapting to challenging circumstances. The study is a deep dive into projects with below satisfactory outcomes at closure and those that were failing but managed to recover. A sample of ongoing operations with below satisfactory implementation ratings will also be analyzed to understand if lessons from older, closed projects are being applied.